韩信卢绾列传

Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile →, the King of Han, was a grandson of King Xiang of Han. He stood eight feet five inches tall. When Xiang Liang installed King Huai as the successor to Chu, the states of Yan, Qi, Zhao, and Wei had all been given their own kings, but Han alone had no successor. Thus they installed Cheng, the Hanyang Lord and a prince of the Han house, as King of Han, intending to use him to pacify the former Han territories. After Xiang Liang's defeat and death at Dingtao, Cheng fled to King Huai. Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → led his army to attack Yangcheng and dispatched Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile → to subdue the former Han lands, acting in his capacity as Han Minister of Education. He won over Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile →, who was then made a Han general, leading his troops to follow Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → into Wu Pass. When Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → was established as King of Han, Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → accompanied him into Hanzhong. He then persuaded the King of Han: "The Hegemon-King stations his nobles in the nearby territories, but Your Majesty is placed alone in this remote region—this is a demotion indeed. The soldiers are all men from east of the mountains, standing on tiptoe looking toward home. If we strike while their spirit is high and march eastward, we can contend for the empire."

When Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → enfeoffed his princes, they all went to their domains. But King Cheng of Han, having failed to follow Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →'s orders and contributed nothing, was not permitted to go to his state. Instead, he was demoted to the rank of Count. When Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → heard that Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → had sent Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → to conquer the Han territories, he ordered Zheng Chang, the former magistrate of Wu whom he had befriended during his travels there, to become King of Han to resist Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile →.

In the second year of Han, Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → conquered more than ten cities in Han. When Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → arrived at Henan, Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → urgently attacked and took Yángchéng from King Chang. Chang surrendered, and Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → installed Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → as King of Han, commanding him to lead Han troops regularly. In the third year, Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → left Yingyang, and the King of Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile →, together with Zhou Kè and others, defended Yingyang. When Chu defeated and took Yingyang, Xin surrendered to Chu, but soon escaped and returned to Han. Han reinstalled him as King of Han, and he continued to follow Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → in defeating Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →. When the empire was pacified, in the spring of the fifth year, they exchanged tally-warrants and Xin became King of Han, ruling over Yingchuan.

In the second year of Han, Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → conquered more than ten cities in Han. When Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → arrived at Henan, Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → urgently attacked and took Yángchéng from King Chang. Chang surrendered, and Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → installed Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → as King of Han, commanding him to lead Han troops regularly. In the third year, Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → left Yingyang, and the King of Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile →, together with Zhou Kè and others, defended Yingyang. When Chu defeated and took Yingyang, Xin surrendered to Chu, but soon escaped and returned to Han. Han reinstalled him as King of Han, and he continued to follow Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → in defeating Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →. When the empire was pacified, in the spring of the fifth year, they exchanged tally-warrants and Xin became King of Han, ruling over Yingchuan.

The following spring, the Emperor noted that Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → possessed martial talent and that his kingdom bordered Gong and Luo to the north, pressed close to Wan and Ye to the south, and held Huaiyang to the east—all strategic military positions throughout the realm. He therefore issued an edict transferring King Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → to rule the northern Taiyuan region, to guard against the Xiongnu, with his capital at Jinyang. Xin petitioned: "The kingdom has long borders, and the Xiongnu raid repeatedly. Jinyang is far from the frontier. Please allow me to establish my capital at Mayi." The Emperor approved, and Xin moved his administration to Mayi.

The Yanzhi then advised Modu, saying, ‘Even if we were to take the Han lands now, we could not settle them; besides, two sovereigns should not press each other so hard.’ After seven days, the Xiongnu horsemen gradually drew off. At that time a great fog arose, and Han agents passed to and fro without the Xiongnu noticing. Chen Ping, the Protector-Army Commandant, said to the Emperor, ‘The Xiongnu are all armed men; I request that you order the strong crossbowmen to fit two bolts and face outward, and then we will slowly march out of the encirclement.’ Once they entered Pingcheng, the Han relief forces also arrived, and the Xiongnu cavalry thereupon lifted the siege and departed. Han in turn withdrew its troops and returned.

That autumn, the Xiongnu chanyu Modu surrounded Xin with a great army. Xin sent repeated envoys to negotiate with the Xiongnu. When Han dispatched troops to rescue him, they suspected that Xin had been meeting with Xiongnu envoys too frequently and had developed divided loyalties. They sent someone to rebuke him. Fearing execution, Xin formed a pact with the Xiongnu to attack Han together. He surrendered Mayi to the Xiongnu and advanced toward Taiyuan.

That autumn, the Xiongnu chanyu Modu surrounded Xin with a great army. Xin sent repeated envoys to negotiate with the Xiongnu. When Han dispatched troops to rescue him, they suspected that Xin had been meeting with Xiongnu envoys too frequently and had developed divided loyalties. They sent someone to rebuke him. Fearing execution, Xin formed a pact with the Xiongnu to attack Han together. He surrendered Mayi to the Xiongnu and advanced toward Taiyuan.

In the winter of the seventh year, the Emperor personally led the campaign and defeated Xin at Tóngdī, killing his general Wang Xǐ. Xin fled to the Xiongnu. With his officials Manqiu Chen and Wang Huang, he installed Zhao Li, a descendant of the Zhao royal line, as king, reassembling the remnants of Xin's defeated forces. Together with Xin and Modu, they plotted against Han.

The families of Lu Wan and the Grand Supreme Emperor (Gaozu’s father) were close and affectionate. When each family had a baby boy, Gaozu and Lu Wan were born on the same day, and the villagers brought sheep and wine to congratulate both families. When Gaozu and Lu Wan grew up, they studied together and remained close. The villagers admired the two families’ intimacy, that the sons shared a birthday and stayed close as adults, so they again presented sheep and wine to congratulate them. When Gaozu was a commoner and had to hide from official matters, Lu Wan always accompanied him wherever he went. When Gaozu first raised troops in Pei, Lu Wan followed as a retainer. After entering Hanzhong, he became a general and constantly attended the emperor. Accompanying him on the eastern campaign against Xiang Ji, he served as Grand Commandant, always by his side, entering and leaving his private chambers. In clothing, bedding, food, drink, and rewards, none of the other ministers dared to hope to match him. Even Xiao HeXiao HeHan Dynasty Prime MinisterThe man who managed an empire while Liu Bang won battles — and saved the Shiji by memorizing it before burning palaces could destroy it.View profile →, Cao Shen, and others were treated with courtesy only because of their duties, but as for personal favor and intimacy, no one could compare to Lu Wan. Lu Wan was enfeoffed as Marquis of Chang’an.

When he rode out from Báidēng, Xiongnu cavalry surrounded the Emperor. He sent lavish gifts to the chanyu's queen, who persuaded Modu: "Even possessing Han territory would be impossible to hold. Moreover, two rulers should not bring each other to ruin." After seven days, the Xiongnu cavalry gradually withdrew. The weather was extremely foggy, and Han scouts moved freely back and forth, but the Xiongnu detected nothing.

The Commander of the Guards, Chen Ping, advised the Emperor: "The Xiongnu rely entirely on their cavalry. Please order our archers to nock two arrows facing outward and walk slowly out of the encirclement." Upon entering Píngchéng, Han reinforcements also arrived, and the Xiongnu cavalry finally departed. Han then withdrew its forces.

Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile →, now commanding Xiongnu troops, raided the borders repeatedly. In the tenth year of Han, Xin dispatched Wang Huang and others to persuade and mislead Chen Xī. In the eleventh year, the former King of Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → joined with Xiongnu cavalry to occupy Cānhé, defying Han. Han sent General Chai to attack him, sending Xin a letter: "The Emperor is magnanimous and benevolent. Although some princes have rebelled and fled, upon their return they are restored to their former titles and not punished. Your Majesty knows this well. Now Your Majesty fled to the Xiongnu after defeat—there is no great crime. Come back quickly!"

Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile →, now commanding Xiongnu troops, raided the borders repeatedly. In the tenth year of Han, Xin dispatched Wang Huang and others to persuade and mislead Chen Xī. In the eleventh year, the former King of Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → joined with Xiongnu cavalry to occupy Cānhé, defying Han. Han sent General Chai to attack him, sending Xin a letter: "The Emperor is magnanimous and benevolent. Although some princes have rebelled and fled, upon their return they are restored to their former titles and not punished. Your Majesty knows this well. Now Your Majesty fled to the Xiongnu after defeat—there is no great crime. Come back quickly!"

Tuìdāng's grandson Hán Yàn became distinguished and wealthy. His brother Yuè received two enfeoffments and repeatedly served as a general, finally becoming the Marquess of Āndào. His son Dài died after a year from a legal violation. Over a year later, Yuè's grandson Céng was appointed Marquess of Lóngyán, continuing Yuè's line.

Lǔ Wǎn was from Fēng. He lived in the same village as the Gaozu Emperor. Lǔ Wǎn's family was close to the Gaozu Emperor's father, and when their sons were born, the Gaozu Emperor and Lǔ Wǎn shared the same birthday. The village celebrated both families with sheep and wine. When the Gaozu Emperor and Lǔ Wǎn grew older, they studied together and loved each other. The village praised the families' affection, noting that their sons were born on the same day and, having grown, remained close—again celebrating with sheep and wine.

Lǔ Wǎn was from Fēng. He lived in the same village as the Gaozu Emperor. Lǔ Wǎn's family was close to the Gaozu Emperor's father, and when their sons were born, the Gaozu Emperor and Lǔ Wǎn shared the same birthday. The village celebrated both families with sheep and wine. When the Gaozu Emperor and Lǔ Wǎn grew older, they studied together and loved each other. The village praised the families' affection, noting that their sons were born on the same day and, having grown, remained close—again celebrating with sheep and wine.

The Prime Minister of Zhao submitted a memorial requesting the execution of the Governor and Commandant of Changshan, saying, 'Changshan has twenty-five cities; Chen Xi rebelled and twenty of them were lost.' The emperor asked, 'Did the Governor and Commandant rebel?' He replied, 'They did not rebel.' The emperor said, 'This is because their strength was insufficient.' He pardoned them and reinstated them as Governor and Commandant of Changshan. The emperor then asked Zhou Chang, 'Does Zhao also have stalwart men who could be appointed as commanders?' Zhou Chang replied, 'There are four.' The four men were brought to an audience, and the emperor scornfully cursed, 'You brats, can you really serve as commanders?' The four men, ashamed, prostrated themselves.

The emperor enfeoffed each of them with one thousand households and appointed them as generals. The attendants remonstrated: 'Those who followed you into Shu and Han and attacked Chu have not yet all been rewarded for their achievements. What achievement have these men now made to deserve enfiefment?' The emperor said: 'This is not something you understand! Chen Xi rebelled, and the region north of Handan is all under Chen Xi. I used feathered dispatches to summon the troops of the empire, but none came; now only the troops within Handan are here. Why should I grudge four thousand households to enfief four men, if not to comfort the sons of Zhao?' Everyone said: 'Good.'

In the winter of the fifth year of Han, after Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →'s defeat, Lǔ Wǎn was sent as a separate commander with Liu Jia to attack the King of Jiang, Gòng Wèi, defeating him. In the seventh month, they returned and fought against King of Yan Zāng Tū, who surrendered. Having pacified the realm, the Gaozu Emperor had seven non-Liu princes. Wishing to make Lǔ Wǎn a king, he was aware of the ministers' discontent. After capturing Zāng Tū, he issued an edict to all generals and marquis, selecting a meritorious minister to become King of Yan. The ministers, knowing the Emperor's wish, all declared: "Grand Marshal Marquess Lǔ Wǎn of Cháng'ān has followed Your Majesty in pacifying the realm and has the greatest achievements. He should be King of Yan." The Emperor approved. In the eighth month of the fifth year of Han, Lǔ Wǎn was established as King of Yan. No prince was more favored than the King of Yan.

In the autumn of the eleventh year, Chen Xī rebelled in the Dai region. The Gaozu Emperor went to Hándān to attack Xī's forces, and King of Yan Lǔ Wǎn attacked from the northeast. At that time, Chen Xī sent Wang Huang to seek aid from the Xiongnu. King of Yan Lǔ Wǎn also sent his minister Zhāng Shèng to the Xiongnu, claiming that Xī's forces had been defeated.

Zhang Sheng agreed, thus secretly ordering Xiongnu assistance to attack Yan. King of Yan Lǔ Wǎn suspected Zhang Sheng of conspiring with the Xiongnu and petitioned to execute his family. When Zhang Sheng returned, he fully explained his reasoning. King of Yan, realizing the truth, falsely accused others, freeing Zhang Sheng's family and allowing them to serve as spies for Yan among the Xiongnu, while secretly sending Fan Qí to Chen Xī, intending to prolong the conflict indefinitely.