高祖本纪

The founder of the Han dynasty was born in Zhongyang Lane of Fengfengyi in Pei. His surname was Liu, and his personal name was Ji. His father was called Grandfather Tai, and his mother was called the Liu Woman. According to legend, his mother once rested by a marsh, where she dreamed of encountering a deity. At that moment, thunder roared and lightning flashed in the darkened sky. Grandfather Tai went to investigate and saw a dragon coiled above her. She soon became pregnant and gave birth to Gaozu. Gaozu had a high nose, a dragon-like face, and a handsome beard. On his left thigh were seventy-two black moles. He was kind and generous to others, always ready with a gift, and possessed a magnanimous spirit. He had grand ambitions but showed no interest in the family business or farming. When he came of age, he tested for office and was appointed as the Sishui officer—a local magistrate. Among the officials at the county seat, none escaped his casual irreverence. He had a weakness for wine and women. Frequently he drank on credit at the establishments of the old woman Wang and one named Wu. When drunk, he would lie down to sleep. Wu Fu and the old woman Wang noticed that a dragon often appeared above him when he was there, which made them uneasy. Yet whenever Gaozu bought wine at their establishments, their sales would multiply several times over. When people saw this strange phenomenon, at year's end both merchants would destroy his IOUs and forgive his debts. Gaozu was once sent on official business to Xianyang, where he slipped away to observe the passing imperial procession. Gazing at the First Emperor in his grand carriage, he sighed deeply and murmured, "Ah, a true man should be like this!"

A man named Lü Gong had been close to the Pei magistrate but fled there to escape enemies, and so made his home in Pei. When the local gentry and officials heard that the magistrate had an important guest, they all came to offer congratulations. Xiao HeXiao HeHan Dynasty Prime MinisterThe man who managed an empire while Liu Bang won battles — and saved the Shiji by memorizing it before burning palaces could destroy it.View profile → served as the chief clerk, receiving the guests and managing the offerings. The magistrate announced to all the visitors: "Those whose gifts fall short of a thousand coins shall sit in the lower hall." Gaozu was only an officer, and he had always held the other officials in contempt. He therefore submitted a greeting card that read, "Gift: ten thousand coins," though he had not brought a single coin. When the card was presented, Lü Gong was greatly startled and rose immediately to greet him at the entrance. Lü Gong was skilled in reading faces. Seeing Gaozu's bearing and features, he treated him with particular respect and led him to take a seat. Xiao HeXiao HeHan Dynasty Prime MinisterThe man who managed an empire while Liu Bang won battles — and saved the Shiji by memorizing it before burning palaces could destroy it.View profile → said, "Liu Ji has always been full of grand promises but rarely accomplishes anything." Gaozu then began treating the other guests with his usual casual arrogance, taking the seat of honor without the slightest hesitation.

After the banquet, Lü Gong's wife flew into a rage. "You always wanted to marry our daughter to someone distinguished," she scolded. "The magistrate of Pei admires you and sought her hand, yet you refused. Why would you casually promise her to Liu Ji?" Lü Gong replied, "This is no matter for women and children to understand." In the end, he gave his daughter to Liu Ji.

After the banquet, Lü Gong's wife flew into a rage. "You always wanted to marry our daughter to someone distinguished," she scolded. "The magistrate of Pei admires you and sought her hand, yet you refused. Why would you casually promise her to Liu Ji?" Lü Gong replied, "This is no matter for women and children to understand." In the end, he gave his daughter to Liu Ji.

That daughter became Empress Lü, mother of Emperor Xiaohui and Princess Lvyuan. When Gaozu was serving as the Sishui officer, he would often return temporarily to work in the fields. One day while Empress Lü was weeding in the fields with her two children, an old man came by asking for water. Empress Lü fed him, and after he ate, he studied her face and said, "You, madam, are destined for the highest nobility." Then he looked at the two children. Seeing Xiaohui, he said, "It is this son who will bring you honor." Looking at Lvyuan, he pronounced her noble as well. After the old man departed, Gaozu happened to arrive from a neighboring house. Empress Lü told him all about the strange visitor and his predictions about their children. Gaozu asked where the man was, and she said he could not have gone far. Gaozu chased after him and caught up, asking him to elaborate. The old man said, "Both your wife and children resemble you. Your fate, sir, is one of immeasurable nobility." Gaozu thanked him, saying, "If what you say is true, I shall never forget your kindness." Later, when Gaozu rose to power, the old man had vanished without a trace.

When Gaozu was Sishui officer, he fashioned a bamboo hat for himself and sent a warder to have it made properly in Xue. He wore it often, and even after he achieved greatness, he continued to wear it—later known as the "Liu hat."

Gaozu, having drunk wine, was crossing a marsh at night. He sent one man ahead. The man came back and reported: 'Ahead there is a large serpent blocking the path; I request that we turn back.' Gaozu, drunk, said: 'A brave man marching forward—what is there to fear?' Then he advanced, drew his sword, and struck the serpent, cutting it in two. The serpent split apart, and the path opened. After walking several li, he was drunk and lay down to sleep. When those coming from behind reached the place of the serpent, they saw an old woman weeping at night. When asked why she wept, she said: 'Someone killed my son, and so I weep.'

One evening, Gaozu was drinking heavily. He crossed the marsh with one man walking ahead. The man came back and reported, "There's a great serpent blocking the path ahead. We should turn back." Gaozu, drunk, said, "A real man fears nothing. Forward!" He drew his sword and struck the serpent, cutting it in two. The path was cleared. After walking a few more miles, Gaozu, now completely intoxicated, lay down and fell asleep.

Later travelers came upon the spot and found an old woman weeping in the darkness. When asked why she wept, she said, "Someone killed my son, and so I mourn." "Why was your son killed?" they asked. She replied, "My son was the son of the White Emperor. He transformed into a serpent and blocked the road. Now he has been slain by the son of the Red Emperor. That is why I weep." The travelers thought the old woman was lying and were about to report her. She vanished as suddenly as she appeared.

When later travelers caught up with Gaozu and told him what had happened, he was secretly delighted and felt his destiny was confirmed. His followers came to regard him with ever greater awe.

When later travelers caught up with Gaozu and told him what had happened, he was secretly delighted and felt his destiny was confirmed. His followers came to regard him with ever greater awe.

When later travelers caught up with Gaozu and told him what had happened, he was secretly delighted and felt his destiny was confirmed. His followers came to regard him with ever greater awe.

The First Emperor had often declared, "An imperial aura emanates from the southeast." To counteract this, he frequently traveled eastward. Gaozu grew suspicious and went into hiding among the rocky mountains and marshes of Mang and Dang. Whenever Empress Lü went searching for him, she would find him. Curious, Gaozu asked how she always succeeded. She replied, "Whenever you are above, there are always clouds of vapor. That is why I know where to look." Gaozu's heart filled with joy. When people in Pei heard of this, many came to join him.

The First Emperor had often declared, "An imperial aura emanates from the southeast." To counteract this, he frequently traveled eastward. Gaozu grew suspicious and went into hiding among the rocky mountains and marshes of Mang and Dang. Whenever Empress Lü went searching for him, she would find him. Curious, Gaozu asked how she always succeeded. She replied, "Whenever you are above, there are always clouds of vapor. That is why I know where to look." Gaozu's heart filled with joy. When people in Pei heard of this, many came to join him.

The First Emperor had often declared, "An imperial aura emanates from the southeast." To counteract this, he frequently traveled eastward. Gaozu grew suspicious and went into hiding among the rocky mountains and marshes of Mang and Dang. Whenever Empress Lü went searching for him, she would find him. Curious, Gaozu asked how she always succeeded. She replied, "Whenever you are above, there are always clouds of vapor. That is why I know where to look." Gaozu's heart filled with joy. When people in Pei heard of this, many came to join him.

In the autumn of the first year of the Second Qin Emperor, Chen ShengChen ShengHere is the English translation of the title: **"The Peasant Who Dared to Be King"**A conscripted soldier who ignited the revolution that toppled the Qin Empire — then became its first victim.View profile → and his followers rose at Qinxing. When they reached Chen, Chen ShengChen ShengHere is the English translation of the title: **"The Peasant Who Dared to Be King"**A conscripted soldier who ignited the revolution that toppled the Qin Empire — then became its first victim.View profile → declared himself king, establishing the dynasty of Zhang Chu. Across the empire, counties and districts began killing their Qin administrators in response. The Pei magistrate, alarmed, decided to join Chen ShengChen ShengHere is the English translation of the title: **"The Peasant Who Dared to Be King"**A conscripted soldier who ignited the revolution that toppled the Qin Empire — then became its first victim.View profile →'s rebellion. His subordinate officials, Xiao HeXiao HeHan Dynasty Prime MinisterThe man who managed an empire while Liu Bang won battles — and saved the Shiji by memorizing it before burning palaces could destroy it.View profile → and Cao Shen, counseled him: "You are a Qin official, yet now you wish to betray them and lead the young men of Pei in revolt. They may not listen to you. We suggest summoning the exiles who have fled abroad—you can gather several hundred men. Then, with such force behind you, the people will dare not refuse."

The magistrate ordered Fan Kuai to summon Liu Ji. By the time Fan Kuai brought Liu Ji back, his following had grown to several hundred men. The magistrate then had second thoughts, fearing a betrayal. He closed the city gates and prepared to defend against Liu Ji, intending to execute Xiao HeXiao HeHan Dynasty Prime MinisterThe man who managed an empire while Liu Bang won battles — and saved the Shiji by memorizing it before burning palaces could destroy it.View profile → and Cao Shen. Panic-stricken, Xiao HeXiao HeHan Dynasty Prime MinisterThe man who managed an empire while Liu Bang won battles — and saved the Shiji by memorizing it before burning palaces could destroy it.View profile → and Cao Shen climbed over the walls and joined Liu Ji. Liu Ji wrote a message on silk, which he shot over the city walls, addressed to the elders of Pei: "The world has suffered under Qin rule for a long time. Now, although you are maintaining your defense for the magistrate, princes are rising everywhere. If they attack, Pei will be massacred. If you join together to kill the magistrate and choose an upright young man as your leader to respond to the princes, your families will be safe. Otherwise, fathers and sons will all be slaughtered. There is no point."

Xiao HeXiao HeHan Dynasty Prime MinisterThe man who managed an empire while Liu Bang won battles — and saved the Shiji by memorizing it before burning palaces could destroy it.View profile → and Cao Shen were both educated men who valued their own safety. They feared that if the rebellion failed, Qin would massacre their families. They therefore deferred entirely to Liu Ji. The elders all said, "Throughout our lives we have heard strange portents about Liu Ji. He is destined for greatness. Moreover, we have consulted the oracles, and Liu Ji is the most auspicious choice." Liu Ji repeatedly declined, but no one else dared to act. They therefore installed Liu Ji as Lord of Pei.

They sacrificed to the Yellow Emperor and offered rites to Chi You in the Pei courtyard, beating drums and raising banners, all colored red. This was because the serpent they had killed was the son of the White Emperor, and the slayer was the son of the Red Emperor—and red was therefore their color.

At that time, the Qin army was strong and often pressed victories to chase down defeated foes, so none of the generals saw advantage in being the first to enter the Pass. Only Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →, resenting that Qin had crushed Xiang Liang's army, was eager and indignant, and he wished to go west with the Duke of Pei to enter the Pass. The veteran generals of King Huai all said: 'Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → is fierce, cunning, and cruel. He once attacked Xiangcheng and left not a single soul alive, burying its people; wherever he went, nothing was left undestroyed. Moreover, Chu has advanced aggressively many times, and previously King Chen and Xiang Liang both failed. It would be better to dispatch a man of elder virtue, upholding righteousness, to go west, inform and reassure the elders and brothers of Qin. The elders and brothers of Qin have long suffered under their ruler. If we can now send a man of virtue who commits no oppression or violence, it should be possible to take the region.'

Now Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → is fierce and violent, and he cannot be sent. Only the Duke of Pei has always been magnanimous and virtuous, a true elder; he can be sent.' In the end they did not permit Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → to go, but sent the Duke of Pei westward to seize territory, gathering the scattered soldiers of King Chen and Xiang Liang. He then took the road from Dang to Chengyang, confronted the Qin army at Gangli with their walls facing each other, and defeated two Qin forces. Chu troops attacked Wang Li and routed him. The Duke of Pei led his army west, met Peng Yue at Changyi, and together with him attacked the Qin forces, but the battle was not favourable. He returned to Li, where he encountered the Marquis of Gangwu, seized his army—some four thousand men—and merged them with his own.

Liu Ji led his army back through Kangfu to Fangyu. Before they could engage, King Chen ShengChen ShengHere is the English translation of the title: **"The Peasant Who Dared to Be King"**A conscripted soldier who ignited the revolution that toppled the Qin Empire — then became its first victim.View profile → sent the Wei man Zhou Shi to seized territory. Zhou Shi dispatched a messenger to Yong Chi, saying, "Feng was once a settlement of Wei. Now that Wei's territories have been restored, dozens of cities have submitted. If you submit to Wei, they will appoint you a marquis to guard Feng. If you refuse, we will slaughter the city." Yong Chi had never wanted to serve under Liu Ji. When Wei summoned him, he betrayed Feng and defended it for Wei.

Liu Ji led his army back through Kangfu to Fangyu. Before they could engage, King Chen ShengChen ShengHere is the English translation of the title: **"The Peasant Who Dared to Be King"**A conscripted soldier who ignited the revolution that toppled the Qin Empire — then became its first victim.View profile → sent the Wei man Zhou Shi to seized territory. Zhou Shi dispatched a messenger to Yong Chi, saying, "Feng was once a settlement of Wei. Now that Wei's territories have been restored, dozens of cities have submitted. If you submit to Wei, they will appoint you a marquis to guard Feng. If you refuse, we will slaughter the city." Yong Chi had never wanted to serve under Liu Ji. When Wei summoned him, he betrayed Feng and defended it for Wei.

Liu Ji led his troops to attack Feng but could not capture it. He fell ill and returned to Pei. There he nursed his grievances against Yong Chi and the young men of Feng who had betrayed him. He learned that Ning Jun of Dongyang and Qin Jia had установлен Jing Ju as acting king at Liu. Liu Ji went to join them, hoping to obtain troops to attack Feng.

Liu Ji led his troops to attack Feng but could not capture it. He fell ill and returned to Pei. There he nursed his grievances against Yong Chi and the young men of Feng who had betrayed him. He learned that Ning Jun of Dongyang and Qin Jia had установлен Jing Ju as acting king at Liu. Liu Ji went to join them, hoping to obtain troops to attack Feng.

Liu Ji led his troops to attack Feng but could not capture it. He fell ill and returned to Pei. There he nursed his grievances against Yong Chi and the young men of Feng who had betrayed him. He learned that Ning Jun of Dongyang and Qin Jia had установлен Jing Ju as acting king at Liu. Liu Ji went to join them, hoping to obtain troops to attack Feng.

He sent the Wei man Ning Chang as an envoy to Qin, but the envoy had not yet returned. By then Zhang Han had already surrendered with his army to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → in Zhao. Earlier, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → and Song Yi had gone north to rescue Zhao; after Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → killed Song Yi, he took his place as Supreme General, with generals such as Qing Bu all under his command. He defeated the Qin general Wang Li's army, forced Zhang Han to surrender, and all the feudal lords attached themselves to him. When Zhao Gao had killed the Second Emperor, he sent a messenger to propose dividing the land within the Pass and ruling as separate kings. The Duke of Pei believed this was a trick, and adopted Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile →'s plan.

He sent Li Sheng and Lu Jia to go and persuade the Qin general, enticing him with profit, and then took the opportunity to raid and storm Wu Pass, capturing it. Next, he fought the Qin army south of Lantian, increasing the display of decoy troops and banners, and wherever he passed looting was forbidden. The Qin people were delighted, the Qin army’s morale slackened, and thereupon he inflicted a great defeat on them. He fought again north of Lantian and crushed them. Pursuing victory, he finally shattered them. In the tenth month of the first year of Han, Pei Gong’s army thus reached Bashang ahead of all the feudal lords. The Qin king Ziying, in a plain carriage drawn by white horses, with a silk cord tied around his neck, and having sealed the emperor’s jade seals, tally and tokens of authority, surrendered by the Zhi Road.

When Liu Ji heard that Xiang Liang was at Xue, he went to meet him with over a hundred horsemen. Xiang Liang added five thousand troops to Liu Ji's force, including ten officers of the fifth rank or higher. Liu Ji returned and led his troops to attack Feng.

When Liu Ji heard that Xiang Liang was at Xue, he went to meet him with over a hundred horsemen. Xiang Liang added five thousand troops to Liu Ji's force, including ten officers of the fifth rank or higher. Liu Ji returned and led his troops to attack Feng.

Someone advised Pei Gong: ‘Qin is ten times richer than all the rest of the empire, and its terrain is strong and advantageous. Now I hear that Zhang Han has surrendered to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →, and Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → has titled him King of Yong, to rule over the land within the passes. If he comes now, I fear Pei Gong will not be able to keep possession of it. You should quickly dispatch troops to guard Hangu Pass, do not let the feudal lords’ armies enter, gradually levy soldiers from the land within the passes to strengthen yourself, and resist them.’ Pei Gong approved this plan and followed it. In the middle of the eleventh month, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → indeed led the feudal lords’ armies westward, wanting to enter the pass, but the pass gate was closed. Hearing that Pei Gong had already pacified the region within the passes, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → was furious and sent Qing Bu and others to attack and breach Hangu Pass. In the middle of the twelfth month, he arrived at Xi. Pei Gong’s Left Marshal Cao Wushang, learning of Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →’s anger and his intent to attack Pei Gong, sent someone to tell Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →: ‘Pei Gong desires to be king within the passes, making Ziying his chancellor, and to keep all the treasures for himself. He seeks to obtain enfeoffment by doing this.’ The Yafu (Fan ZengFan ZengXiang Yu's Chief StrategistThe old strategist who foresaw Liu Bang's danger from the very beginning — and died on the road after being driven away by Xiang Yu's suspicion.View profile →) urged Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → to strike Pei Gong. Just when the troops were being feasted, it was said they would join battle the next day. At that time, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →’s forces numbered four hundred thousand, but were claimed to be a million. Pei Gong’s forces numbered one hundred thousand, but were claimed to be two hundred thousand. In strength, he could not match him.

It happened that Xiang BoXiang BoXiang Yu's Uncle / The Midnight MessengerXiang Bo saved Liu Bang at the Hongmen Banquet — out of gratitude for Zhang Liang's kindness. His midnight ride changed China's fate.View profile → wanted to save Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile →’s life; he went by night to see Liang, and by means of words persuaded Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → to desist. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → then stopped. Pei Gong, with a hundred or so riders, hastened to Hongmen and went to apologise to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → said: ‘It was your Left Marshal Cao Wushang who told me. Otherwise, how could I have come to this?’ Thanks to Fan Kuai and Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile →, Pei Gong was able to extricate himself and return. Upon returning, he immediately executed Cao Wushang. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → then proceeded westward, massacring and burning the Qin palaces in Xianyang; wherever he passed nothing but ruin was left. The Qin people were greatly disappointed, but they were afraid and dared not refuse submission. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → sent someone back to report to King Huai. King Huai said: ‘As agreed.’ Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → resented that King Huai had not been willing to let him go west of the pass with Pei Gong, but instead sent him north to rescue Zhao, thus violating the covenant made before the empire. He then said: ‘King Huai was established by my family’s Xiang Liang alone, with no merit or achievement...’

In the third year of the Second Qin Emperor, King Huai of Chu saw that Xiang Liang's army had been destroyed. Alarmed, he relocated his capital from Xutai to Pengcheng, merging the armies of Lü Chen and Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → under his direct command. He appointed Liu Ji as Chancellor of the Dang commandery, granting him the title Lord of Wu'an and command of the troops from Dang. He enfeoffed Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → as Lord of Chang'an, styled Duke of Lu. Lü Chen became Director of the Masses, and his father Lü Qing was made Prefect. Zhao repeatedly appealed for aid. King Huai therefore appointed Song Yi as High General, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → as Deputy General, and Fan ZengFan ZengXiang Yu's Chief StrategistThe old strategist who foresaw Liu Bang's danger from the very beginning — and died on the road after being driven away by Xiang Yu's suspicion.View profile → as Rear General, sending them north to rescue Zhao. He ordered Liu Ji to advance westward into Guanzhong. He made an agreement with all the generals: the first to pacify Guanzhong would rule it as king.

Gong Ao, Pillar of State to King Huai, was made King of Linjiang, with his capital at Jiangling. Wu Rui, Lord of Po, was made King of Hengshan, with his capital at Zhu. Zang Tu, a Yan general, was made King of Yan, with his capital at Ji. The former King of Yan, Han Guang, was moved to be King of Liaodong. Guang refused to comply, and Zang Tu attacked and killed him at Wuzhong. Chen Yu, Lord of Cheng'an, was enfeoffed with three counties in Hejian and resided at Nanpi. Mei Xuan was enfeoffed with one hundred thousand households. In the fourth month, the troops were disbanded at Xixia, and the various vassals each proceeded to their own kingdoms. The King of Han set out for his kingdom; King Xiang sent thirty thousand troops to accompany him, and tens of thousands of men from Chu and the other vassals who admired and followed him. They entered Shizhong from the south of Du. As they marched, they burned the plank roads behind them, both to guard against surprise attacks by the troops of the other vassals and to show Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → that they had no intention of returning east. When they reached Nanzheng, many officers and soldiers deserted on the road and returned home, and the soldiers all sang songs longing to return east.

Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → advised the King of Han, saying: "Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → granted kingship to those among the generals who had achieved merit, yet you alone are left dwelling in Nanzheng—this is exile. The officers and soldiers of the army are all men from east of the mountains; day and night they stand on tiptoe, longing to return home. If you seize upon their keen fighting spirit and use them now, great accomplishments can be achieved. Once the realm is settled, everyone will seek their own peace, and you will no longer be able to employ them. Better to make a decisive plan to advance eastward and contend for power over the empire. I hope Your Majesty will judge the times and weigh the circumstances, not miss this golden opportunity, and thereby pacify the realm."

In the end, they would not permit Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → to go and instead sent Liu Ji westward to gather Chen ShengChen ShengHere is the English translation of the title: **"The Peasant Who Dared to Be King"**A conscripted soldier who ignited the revolution that toppled the Qin Empire — then became its first victim.View profile →'s and Xiang Liang's scattered forces.

In the end, they would not permit Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → to go and instead sent Liu Ji westward to gather Chen ShengChen ShengHere is the English translation of the title: **"The Peasant Who Dared to Be King"**A conscripted soldier who ignited the revolution that toppled the Qin Empire — then became its first victim.View profile →'s and Xiang Liang's scattered forces.

Liu Ji traveled from Dang to Chengyang, where the Qin forces at Gangli were entrenched. He routed two armies. Then he engaged the Qin general Wang Li, defeating him completely. He led his forces westward, linking up with Peng Yue's forces at Changyi, and together they attacked the Qin armies but suffered a reverse. He withdrew to Li, where he encountered the Lord of Gangwu. He seized that lord's forces—over four thousand men—and incorporated them into his own army. He joined forces with the Wei generals Huang Xin and Wei Shentu Wupu to attack Changyi, but could not capture it.

Continuing westward, he passed through Gao Yang. There he met Lü Yiji, a gatekeeper, who said, "So many generals have passed this way, but I observe that Lord Pei is a great and virtuous man." He sought an audience with Liu Ji. Liu Ji was then sitting on a couch with two girls washing his feet. Lü Yiji did not bow but offered a formal greeting instead, saying, "If you truly wish to destroy the unrighteous Qin, you should not receive an elder in such a posture." Liu Ji immediately rose, straightened his robes, and apologized, inviting Lü Yiji to take the seat of honor.

Liu Ji led his troops to bypass Wancheng and continue westward. Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile → advised, "Although you are eager to enter Guanzhong, the Qin forces are still numerous and hold the strategic passes. If you do not take Wan, its garrison could attack you from behind while strong Qin forces lie ahead. This is a dangerous course." Liu Ji therefore led his troops by a different route that night, changing his banners. At dawn, he surrounded Wancheng completely.

Liu Ji led his troops to bypass Wancheng and continue westward. Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile → advised, "Although you are eager to enter Guanzhong, the Qin forces are still numerous and hold the strategic passes. If you do not take Wan, its garrison could attack you from behind while strong Qin forces lie ahead. This is a dangerous course." Liu Ji therefore led his troops by a different route that night, changing his banners. At dawn, he surrounded Wancheng completely.

The governor of Nanyang was ready to take his own life. His retainer Chen Hui said, "Dying now would be premature." He then scaled the city wall to meet Lord Pei, saying: "Your lordship has made an agreement—that whoever enters Xianyang first shall rule it. Yet now you linger here at Nanyang. Nanyang is the capital of a great commandery, with dozens of linked cities, a numerous population, and abundant stores. The officials and people believe that surrender means certain death, so they have all resolutely defended the walls. If Your Lordship were to spend even a single day more on this siege, many of your soldiers would surely be killed or wounded; yet if you lead your troops away from Nanyang, they will surely follow in your wake. Forward, you would forfeit your agreement regarding Xianyang; backward, you would face the danger of a strengthened Nanyang. For Your Lordship's best course, there is nothing better than to propose surrender. Offer the governor a title, keep him to defend the city, and take his soldiers west with you. As for the other cities yet unconquered, when they hear of this they will vie with each other to open their gates and await you. Your Lordship will pass through without obstruction." Lord Pei said, "Excellent." He accordingly appointed the Nanyang governor as Marquis of Yin, and enfeoffed Chen Hui with a thousand households. Leading his troops west, there was no place that did not submit. When they reached Dan River, Marquis Xi of Gaowu and Marquis Wang Ling of Xiang surrendered at Xiling. Returning to attack Huyang, they encountered Mei Xuan, a subordinate general of the Fan ruler, and together reduced Xi and Li. He dispatched the Wei man Ning Chang as envoy to Qin, but the envoy had not yet returned.

At this time the feudal lords saw that Chu was strong and Han was defeated, so they all turned away from Han and rejoined Chu. Sai King Sima Xin fled into Chu. Empress Lü's elder brother, Zhou Lü Hou, was serving as a Han general and garrisoned Xiayi. The King of Han went to join him, gradually gathered scattered soldiers, and encamped at Dang. The King of Han then travelled west through Liang territory and reached Yu. He sent the internuncio Sui He to where Ying Bu, the King of Jiujiang, was, saying: 'If you can make Bu raise troops and rebel against Chu, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → will certainly stay behind to attack him. If we can keep him tied down for several months, I will definitely take the realm.' Sui He went and persuaded Ying Bu, the King of Jiujiang, and Bu indeed turned his back on Chu. Chu sent Long Ju to attack him.

In the tenth month of the first year of Han, Lord Pei's army arrived at Baxia ahead of all the other feudal lords. Prince Zi Ying of Qin descended in a plain white carriage with white horses, a rope around his neck, bearing the imperial seals and tallies. He surrendered at the roadside. Some of the generals suggested executing the Qin king. Lord Pei said, "Originally, King Huai sent me here precisely because he believed I could be tolerant and magnanimous. Moreover, the man has already submitted and submitted; to kill him would be most inauspicious." He therefore delivered the Qin king to his officials, and then proceeded west into Xianyang. He wished to stay in the palace to rest, but Fan Kuai and Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile → remonstrated, so he sealed up the precious treasures and valuables of the Qin treasury and returned with the army to Baxia. He summoned the elders and local gentry of all the counties, saying: "Elders, you have suffered under the harsh laws of Qin for too long. Those who criticized the government were executed in groups; those who even murmured together were put to death in the marketplaces. I have agreed with the feudal lords that whoever entered the pass first would rule it, and I am about to be king of Guanzhong. I am making this agreement with you: only three articles of law: those who kill others shall be put to death; those who injure others or steal shall be punished accordingly. All other Qin laws are abolished. All officials and people shall remain at their posts as before. Everything I have done is to remove the harms done to you, not to oppress or violently treat you—do not be afraid! And the reason I have returned the army to Baxia is to await the arrival of the feudal lords and settle matters with them." He then sent men together with Qin officials to travel through the counties and villages, announcing these terms. The Qin people were overjoyed, vying with each other to present oxen, sheep, and food and wine to feast the soldiers. Lord Pei declined, saying: "The granaries are full; we are not in want. I do not wish to trouble the people." The people grew even more delighted, fearing only that Lord Pei might not become King of Qin.

The King of Han gradually gathered his soldiers. Together with his generals and the troops from Guanzhong he increasingly launched offensives, so that his army's morale was greatly boosted at Xingyang, and he defeated Chu between Jing and Suo. In the third year, the King of Wei, Wei Bao, requested leave to return home to visit his sick relatives, but upon arriving he cut off the Yellow River crossings and turned against Han, siding with Chu. The King of Han sent Li Sheng to persuade Bao, but Bao would not listen. The King of Han sent General Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → to attack, winning a crushing victory and capturing Bao. He then pacified the Wei territory and established three commanderies: Hedong, Taiyuan, and Shangdang.

The King of Han then ordered Zhang Er and Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → to advance eastward from Jingxing to strike Zhao. They killed Chen Yu and Zhao Xie, the King of Zhao. The following year, Zhang Er was enfeoffed as King of Zhao. The King of Han encamped south of Xingyang, built a covered causeway linked to the Yellow River, and used it to draw grain from the Ao Granary. He confronted Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → for over a year. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → repeatedly seized the Han covered causeway, so the Han army ran short of food and Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → then surrounded the King of Han. The King of Han sought peace, offering to cede the territory west of Xingyang to Han. King Xiang would not consent. The King of Han was troubled by this, so he adopted Chen Ping's plan, giving Chen Ping forty thousand catties of gold to sow discord among Chu's ruler and ministers. Thereupon Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → grew suspicious of Yafu. At that time Yafu was urging Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → to press on and take Xingyang, but when he found himself under suspicion, he became angry, resigned on the grounds of old age, and asked to be allowed to retire and go home. He died before reaching Pengcheng.

In the fourth month, the armies dispersed at Xi, and the feudal lords each went to their assigned territories. When the King of Han set out for his kingdom, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → assigned thirty thousand soldiers to accompany him. The number of Chu and other feudal lord's men who followed out of admiration reached several tens of thousands. They entered from the south through Dunan into Zhōng. En route, they burned and destroyed the plank road, to prevent the feudal lords' bandits from attacking, and also to demonstrate to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → that there was no intention of going east. Upon arriving at Nanzheng, many of the generals and soldiers deserted and fled home. The soldiers all sang about longing to return east.

Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → advised the King of Han: "Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → enfeoffs his generals with meritorious service, yet Your Majesty alone is assigned to Nanzheng—this is banishment. All the officers and soldiers are men of the eastern hills who day and night stand on tiptoe longing to return home. If you strike while their spirit is high, you can achieve great merit. The empire is now settled; men have returned to peace; they cannot be used again for war. Better to make the decision to turn eastward and contend for mastery of the realm."

When Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → left the pass, he sent men to relocate Emperor Yi, saying: "Ancient emperors ruled over territories of a thousand li and necessarily dwelt upstream." He therefore sent messengers to move Emperor Yi to Chenzhou in Changsha, urging him to move quickly. The officials gradually betrayed him, and he secretly ordered the King of Hengshan and the King of Linjiang to attack him, killing Emperor Yi in the region south of the Yangtze. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → resented Tian Rong of Qi and installed the Qi general Tian Du as King of Qi. Tian Rong was angry and set himself up as King of Qi, killed Tian Du, and rebelled against Chu. He gave General Peng Yue his seal, ordering him to rebel in the Liang territories. Chu ordered the Marquis of Xiao to attack Peng Yue, and Peng Yue defeated him soundly. Chen Yu bore a grudge against Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → for not making him a king, and sent Xia Yue to plead with Tian Rong, requesting troops to attack Zhang Er. Qi gave Chen Yu troops, and they defeated the Changshan King Zhang Er; Zhang Er fled to Han. They welcomed King Xie of Zhao from Dai and reestablished him as King of Zhao. King Zhao then installed Chen Yu as King of Dai. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →, greatly angered, marched north to attack Qi.

In the eighth month, the King of Han used Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile →'s strategy, returning by the old road and ambushing the Yong King Zhang Han. Zhang Han engaged the Han forces at Chen Cang, but his Yong troops were defeated and retreated. He tried to make a stand at Haozhi, but was defeated again and fled to Feiqiu. The King of Han then secured the Yong region. Advancing east to Xianyang, he led troops to besiege the Yong King at Feiqiu, while sending generals to reduce and pacify Longxi, Beidi, and Shangjun. He ordered Generals Xue O and Wang Xi to march out through Wuguan, relying on Wang Ling's forces from Nanyang, to escort Lord Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile →'s father and Lady Lü from Pei. When Chu learned of this, it sent troops to block them at Yangxia, preventing them from advancing. It installed the former Wu magistrate Zheng Chang as King of Han to resist the Han forces.

In the second year, the King of Han marched east to expand his territories. The Sai King Xin, the Di King Yi, and the Henan King Shenyang all surrendered. The Han King Chang refused to submit, so Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → attacked and defeated him. Thereupon they established the commanderies of Longxi, Beidi, Shangjun, Weinan, Heshang, Zhongdi, and set up Henan Commandery beyond the pass. They installed the former Han Grand Commandant Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → as King of Han. Any general who surrendered with ten thousand men or a single commandery would be enfeoffed with ten thousand households. They repaired the fortifications along the Yellow River and the border passes. All the former Qin parks, gardens, and reservoirs were opened to the public for farming. In the first month, they captured the Yong King's brother Zhang Ping. A general amnesty was proclaimed for criminals.

When the King of Han left the pass and arrived at Shanxi, he comforted the elders there. Upon returning, Zhang Er came to see him, and the King of Han treated him generously. In the second month, he ordered the abolition of the Qin altars to the spirits of the land and grain, and established Han altars instead. In the third month, the King of Han crossed the Yellow River at Linqi. The Wei King Bao led troops to follow him. He entered Henanse, captured the Yin King, and established Henanse Commandery. Crossing south at Pingyin Ford, he arrived at Luoyang. Dong Gong, one of the three elders of Xincheng, stopped the King of Han to explain that Emperor Yi had been killed. When the King of Han heard this, he bared his shoulder and wept bitterly. He then held mourning rites for Emperor Yi, lasting three days. He sent messengers to inform all the feudal lords: "The realm jointly established Emperor Yi, facing north to serve him. Now Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → has abandoned and murdered Emperor Yi in the Jiangnan region—this is a great rebellion and utmost impiety. I personally am holding these mourning rites, and all feudal lords should wear white mourning garments. I am mobilizing all troops from within the pass and recruiting soldiers from the Three Rivers, sailing south on the Yangtze and Han waters, desiring to follow the feudal lords in punishing those of Chu who killed Emperor Yi."

At this time Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → was attacking Qi in the north. Tian Rong fought him at Chengyang. Tian Rong was defeated and fled to Pingyuan, where the people of Pingyuan killed him. All of Qi submitted to Chu. Chu then burned and destroyed its cities and carried off its children as captives. The Qi people rebelled. Tian Rong's brother Tian Heng installed Tian Rong's son Guang as King of Qi, and the Qi king recaptured Chengyang from Chu. Although Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → had heard of the Han advance from the east, since he was already engaged with the Qi forces, he wished to crush Qi first before attacking Han. The King of Han thus succeeded in rallying the armies of five other kingdoms and entered Pengcheng. When Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → heard this, he led his troops away from Qi, departing from Lu, going through Huling, to Xiao, where he fought a major battle with Han at Lingbi, east of Pengcheng, on the Sui River. He inflicted a crushing defeat on the Han army, killing many soldiers, so that the Sui River was stopped up with corpses. He then captured the King of Han's parents, wife, and children at Pei, holding them in his camp as hostages.

At this time, seeing that Chu was strong and Han was weak, the feudal lords all abandoned Han and returned to Chu. The Sai King Xin fled into Chu. The King of Han's brother-in-law, the Zhou Lü Marquis, was serving as a Han general, stationed at Xiayi. The King of Han joined him there and gradually gathered his scattered soldiers, establishing a camp at Dang. The King of Han then traveled west through the Liang region to Yu. He sent an envoy, Sui He, to the Jiujiang King Bo, saying: "If you can induce Bo to rise in rebellion against Chu, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → will surely remain to attack him. If he stays for a few months, I will certainly seize the empire." Sui He went to persuade the Jiujiang King Bo, and Bo indeed betrayed Chu. Chu sent Long Ju to attack him. After the King of Han's defeat at Pengcheng and his westward retreat, he sent men to find his family, but his family had also fled and could not be found. Only after this defeat did he find Xiao Hui, and in the sixth month installed him as Crown Prince, declaring a general amnesty. He ordered the Crown Prince to guard Liyang, while all the sons of feudal lords in Guanzhong were to gather at Liyang as guards. He diverted water to flood Feiqiu, which surrendered; Zhang Han took his own life. He renamed Feiqiu as Huaili. He then ordered the ritual officials to offer sacrifices to Heaven, Earth, and the spirits of the four directions, the Supreme Deity, mountains and rivers, at appropriate times. He recruited soldiers from Guanzhong to garrison the passes.

At this time, the Jiujiang King Bo was fighting Long Ju without success, and he fled incognito with Sui He to join Han. The King of Han gradually gathered his soldiers, and with his generals and Guanzhong troops, marched out again, so his army was greatly strengthened at Xingyang, defeating Chu at Jing and Suo.

At this time, the Jiujiang King Bo was fighting Long Ju without success, and he fled incognito with Sui He to join Han. The King of Han gradually gathered his soldiers, and with his generals and Guanzhong troops, marched out again, so his army was greatly strengthened at Xingyang, defeating Chu at Jing and Suo.

In the third year, the Wei King Bao asked for leave to return home to tend to his parents' illness. Upon arriving, he immediately sealed the river crossing and rebelled in favor of Chu. The King of Han sent Li Sheng to persuade him, but Bao refused to listen. The King of Han then dispatched General Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → to attack, and defeated him thoroughly, capturing Bao. Thus the Wei region was pacified, and three commanderies were established: Hedong, Taiyuan, and Shangdang. The King of Han ordered Zhang Er and Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → to march east through Jingxing to attack Zhao, where they killed Chen Yu and King Xie of Zhao. The following year, Zhang Er was installed as King of Zhao.

Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → repeatedly attacked Peng Yue and others, while the King of Qi, Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile →, advanced to strike Chu. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → grew fearful, so he made a covenant with the King of Han, dividing the realm equally. The area west of the Honggou Canal would belong to Han, and the area east of it to Chu. King Xiang returned the King of Han's parents, wife, and children, and the troops all shouted 'Long live the king!' Then Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → withdrew and departed eastward. The King of Han intended to lead his army west, but following the schemes of the Marquis of Liu (Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile →) and Chen Ping, he instead sent his forces to pursue Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →, halting south of Yangxia and encamping. He arranged a rendezvous with the King of Qi, Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile →, and the Marquis Jiancheng, Peng Yue, to jointly attack the Chu army.

Zhang Han had already surrendered his forces to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → in Zhao. When Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → and Song Yi went north to rescue Zhao, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → killed Song Yi in a coup and seized command of the armies, with all the generals including Jing Bo under his authority. They defeated the Qin general Wang Li, forcing Zhang Han to submit, and the feudal lords all rallied to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →. When Zhao Gao murdered the Second Emperor, he sent an envoy to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → wishing to divide the Guanzhong region. Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → considered this a ruse, but employed Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile →'s strategy: he sent Li Sheng and Lu Jia to persuade the Qin generals, offering them bribes and benefits, then launched a surprise attack on Wuguan and broke through. He then fought the Qin army south of Lantian, multiplying his deceptive banners, ordering his troops to take nothing from the people they passed through. The Qin people welcomed him, the Qin troops let down their guard, and he won a decisive victory. Fighting them again to the north, he crushed them utterly.

In the tenth month of the first year of the Han calendar, Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile →'s forces reached Bāxià ahead of all the other feudal lords. Prince Ziying of Qin descended in a plain white chariot drawn by white horses, a rope around his neck, bearing the imperial seals and ceremonial objects. He surrendered at the roadside. Some of the generals suggested executing the Qin king. Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → said: "When King Huai sent me here, it was because he believed I could be tolerant and forgiving. Moreover, the man has already submitted; to kill him would be unlucky." He placed the Qin king in the custody of his officials and marched west into Xianyang. He wished to stay in the palace and rest there, but Fan Kuai and Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile → advised against it, so he sealed up the valuable treasures and assets of the Qin treasury and returned his army to Bāxià. He summoned the elders and prominent men of all the counties, saying: "Elders, you have suffered under Qin's harsh laws for too long. Those who criticized the government were executed in families; those who even whispered together were put to death in the marketplace. I have an agreement with the feudal lords that whoever entered the pass first would rule it, and I am to be king of Guanzhong. I am making this covenant with you: only three articles of law—those who kill shall be put to death; those who injure others or steal shall be punished accordingly. All other Qin laws are abolished. All officials and citizens shall remain at their posts as before. Everything I have done is to remove the harms done to you, not to oppress or violently treat you—do not be afraid! And the reason I have returned the army to Bāxià is to await the arrival of the feudal lords and settle matters with them." He then sent men along with Qin officials to travel through the counties and villages, announcing these terms. The Qin people were overjoyed, vying with each other to present oxen, sheep, and food and wine to feast the soldiers. Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → declined, saying: "The granaries are full; we are not in want. I do not wish to trouble the people." The people grew even more delighted, fearing only that Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → might not become King of Qin.

Someone advised Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile →: "Qin possesses wealth ten times greater than the rest of the empire, and its terrain is strong. We now hear that Zhang Han has surrendered to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →, and Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → has made him King of Yong to rule Guanzhong. If he comes now, Your Majesty may well lose this territory. Quickly send men to guard Hangu Pass and refuse entry to the allied armies; gradually recruit troops from Guanzhong to strengthen yourselves, and hold him off." Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → found this plan sound and followed it. In the eleventh month, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → indeed led the feudal lords' armies west, wanting to enter the pass, but the gates were closed. When he heard that Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → had secured Guanzhong, he flew into a rage and sent Jing Bo and others to breach Hangu Pass. In the twelfth month, they reached Xi.

He moved King Wu Rui of Hengshan to be King of Changsha, with his capital at Linxiang. The general Mei Xuan, formerly under the Lord of Po, had meritorious service, having followed the Emperor in entering the Wu Pass, so the Lord of Po was shown favor. The King of Huainan, Qing Bu; the King of Yan, Zang Tu; and the King of Zhao, Zhang Ao all kept their previous kingdoms. The realm was largely settled. Gaozu made his capital at Luoyang, and all the feudal lords became his subjects. The former King of Linjiang, Gong Huan, who had betrayed Han for Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →, was besieged by Lu Wan and Liu Jia but could not be taken immediately. After several months he surrendered and was executed in Luoyang. In the fifth month, the soldiers were all demobilized and returned home. The sons of the feudal lords who were in the Guanzhong region were exempted from taxes and corvée for twelve years; those who returned home were exempted for six years and were provisioned for one year. Gaozu held a banquet in the Southern Palace at Luoyang. Gaozu said: 'My marquises and generals, do not hide anything from me—speak your true thoughts. How is it that I gained the empire? Why did Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → lose it?'

Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → advised the King of Han: "Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → enfeoffs his generals with meritorious service, yet Your Majesty alone is assigned to Nanzheng—this is banishment. All the officers and soldiers are men of the eastern hills who day and night stand on tiptoe longing to return home. If you strike while their spirit is high, you can achieve great merit. The empire is now settled; men have returned to peace; they cannot be used again for war. Better to make the decision to turn eastward and contend for mastery of the realm."

In the eighth month, the King of Han used Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile →'s strategy, returning by the old road and ambushing the Yong King Zhang Han. Zhang Han engaged the Han forces at Chen Cang, but his Yong troops were defeated and retreated. He tried to make a stand at Hao Zhi, but was defeated again and fled to Feiqiu. The King of Han then secured the Yong region. Advancing east to Xianyang, he led troops to besiege the Yong King at Feiqiu, while sending generals to reduce and pacify Longxi, Beidi, and Shangjun. He ordered Generals Xue O and Wang Xi to march out through Wuguan, relying on Wang Ling's forces from Nanyang, to escort Lord Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile →'s father and Lady Lü from Pei. When Chu learned of this, it sent troops to block them at Yangxia, preventing them from advancing. It installed the former Wu magistrate Zheng Chang as King of Han to resist the Han forces.

In the second year, the King of Han marched east to expand his territories. The Sai King Xin, the Di King Yi, and the Henan King Shenyang all surrendered. The Han King Chang refused to submit, so Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → attacked and defeated him. Thereupon they established the commanderies of Longxi, Beidi, Shangjun, Weinan, Heshang, Zhongdi, and set up Henan Commandery beyond the pass. They installed the former Han Grand Commandant Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → as King of Han. Any general who surrendered with ten thousand men or a single commandery would be enfeoffed with ten thousand households. They repaired the fortifications along the Yellow River and the border passes. All the former Qin parks, gardens, and reservoirs were opened to the public for farming. In the first month, they captured the Yong King's brother Zhang Ping. A general amnesty was proclaimed for criminals.

When the King of Han left the pass and arrived at Shanxi, he comforted the elders there. Upon returning, Zhang Er came to see him, and the King of Han treated him generously. In the second month, he ordered the abolition of the Qin altars to the spirits of the land and grain, and established Han altars instead. In the third month, the King of Han crossed the Yellow River at Linqi. The Wei King Bao led troops to follow him. He entered Henanse, captured the Yin King, and established Henanse Commandery. Crossing south at Pingyin Ford, he arrived at Luoyang. Dong Gong, one of the three elders of Xincheng, stopped the King of Han to explain that Emperor Yi had been killed. When the King of Han heard this, he bared his shoulder and wept bitterly. He then held mourning rites for Emperor Yi, lasting three days. He sent messengers to inform all the feudal lords: "The realm jointly established Emperor Yi, facing north to serve him. Now Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → has abandoned and murdered Emperor Yi in the Jiangnan region—this is a great rebellion and utmost impiety. I personally am holding these mourning rites, and all feudal lords should wear white mourning garments. I am mobilizing all troops from within the pass and recruiting soldiers from the Three Rivers, sailing south on the Yangtze and Han waters, desiring to follow the feudal lords in punishing those of Chu who killed Emperor Yi."

At this time Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → was attacking Qi in the north. Tian Rong fought him at Chengyang. Tian Rong was defeated and fled to Pingyuan, where the people of Pingyuan killed him. All of Qi submitted to Chu. Chu then burned and destroyed its cities and carried off its children as captives. The Qi people rebelled. Tian Rong's brother Tian Heng installed Tian Rong's son Guang as King of Qi, and the Qi king recaptured Chengyang from Chu. Although Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → had heard of the Han advance from the east, since he was already engaged with the Qi forces, he wished to crush Qi first before attacking Han. The King of Han thus succeeded in rallying the armies of five other kingdoms and entered Pengcheng. When Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → heard this, he led his troops away from Qi, departing from Lu, going through Huling, to Xiao, where he fought a major battle with Han at Lingbi, east of Pengcheng, on the Sui River. He inflicted a crushing defeat on the Han army, killing many soldiers, so that the Sui River was stopped up with corpses. He then captured the King of Han's parents, wife, and children at Pei, holding them in his camp as hostages.

At this time, seeing that Chu was strong and Han was weak, the feudal lords all abandoned Han and returned to Chu. The Sai King Xin fled into Chu. The King of Han's brother-in-law, the Zhou Lü Marquis, was serving as a Han general, stationed at Xiayi. The King of Han joined him there and gradually gathered his scattered soldiers, establishing a camp at Dang. The King of Han then traveled west through the Liang region to Yu. He sent an envoy, Sui He, to the Jiujiang King Bo, saying: "If you can induce Bo to rise in rebellion against Chu, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → will surely remain to attack him. If he stays for a few months, I will certainly seize the empire." Sui He went to persuade the Jiujiang King Bo, and Bo indeed betrayed Chu. Chu sent Long Ju to attack him. After the King of Han's defeat at Pengcheng and his westward retreat, he sent men to find his family, but his family had also fled and could not be found. Only after this defeat did he find Xiao Hui, and in the sixth month installed him as Crown Prince, declaring a general amnesty. He ordered the Crown Prince to guard Liyang, while all the sons of feudal lords in Guanzhong were to gather at Liyang as guards. He diverted water to flood Feiqiu, which surrendered; Zhang Han took his own life. He renamed Feiqiu as Huaili. He then ordered the ritual officials to offer sacrifices to Heaven, Earth, and the spirits of the four directions, the Supreme Deity, mountains and rivers, at appropriate times. He recruited soldiers from Guanzhong to garrison the passes.

Zhang Han had already surrendered his forces to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → in Zhao. When Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → and Song Yi went north to rescue Zhao, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → killed Song Yi in a coup and seized command of the armies, with all the generals including Jing Bo under his authority. They defeated the Qin general Wang Li, forcing Zhang Han to submit, and the feudal lords all rallied to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →. When Zhao Gao murdered the Second Emperor, he sent an envoy to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → wishing to divide the Guanzhong region. Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → considered this a ruse, but employed Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile →'s strategy: he sent Li Sheng and Lu Jia to persuade the Qin generals, offering them bribes and benefits, then launched a surprise attack on Wuguan and broke through. He then fought the Qin army south of Lantian, multiplying his deceptive banners, ordering his troops to take nothing from the people they passed through. The Qin people welcomed him, the Qin troops let down their guard, and he won a decisive victory. Fighting them again to the north, he crushed them utterly.

Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile →'s left minister Cao Wushang heard of Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →'s anger and intended to attack Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile →. He sent word to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →: "Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → wishes to rule Guanzhong, has installed Ziying as his prime minister, and possesses all the precious treasures." He sought to obtain an enfeoffment thereby. Yèfù advised Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → to strike Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile →. Just as they were about to feast the troops for battle the next day, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →'s forces numbered four hundred thousand, called a million; Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile →'s forces numbered one hundred thousand, called two hundred thousand, so they were no match. At this time, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →'s uncle Xiang BoXiang BoXiang Yu's Uncle / The Midnight MessengerXiang Bo saved Liu Bang at the Hongmen Banquet — out of gratitude for Zhang Liang's kindness. His midnight ride changed China's fate.View profile → wished to save Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile →'s life. Under cover of night he went to see Liang, and through reasoning managed to convince Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → to hold back. Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile →, with about a hundred cavalry, drove to Hong Gate to offer his apologies to Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → said: "It was your left minister Cao Wushang who told me this. Otherwise, how would I have known!" Because of Fan Kuai and Zhang LiangZhang LiangThe Strategist Behind Two EmpiresAn aristocrat who attempted to assassinate the First Emperor with a hammer, then became an advisor serving two masters—and watched them destroy each other.View profile →, Liu BangLiu BangEmperor Gaozu of HanA village drunkard with no education and no family name — who somehow outlasted every rival to establish the greatest dynasty in Chinese history.View profile → was able to escape and return. Upon returning, he immediately executed Cao Wushang.

In the tenth year, in the tenth month, the King of Huainan, Qing Bu; the King of Liang, Peng Yue; the King of Yan, Lu Wan; the King of Jing, Liu Jia; the King of Chu, Liu Jiao; the King of Qi, Liu Fei; and the King of Changsha, Wu Rui all came to court at Changle Palace. Nothing of note happened in spring and summer. In the seventh month, the Grand Emperor (Taishang Huang) passed away at Yueyang Palace. The King of Chu and the King of Liang both attended the funeral. Prisoners in Yueyang were granted amnesty. The town of Liyi was renamed Xinfeng. In the eighth month, the Chancellor of Zhao, Chen Xi, rebelled in the Dai region. The Emperor said:

Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → advised the King of Han: "Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → enfeoffs his generals with meritorious service, yet Your Majesty alone is assigned to Nanzheng—this is banishment. All the officers and soldiers are men of the eastern hills who day and night stand on tiptoe longing to return home. If you strike while their spirit is high, you can achieve great merit. The empire is now settled; men have returned to peace; they cannot be used again for war. Better to make the decision to turn eastward and contend for mastery of the realm."

When Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → left the pass, he sent men to relocate Emperor Yi, saying: "Ancient emperors ruled over territories of a thousand li and necessarily dwelt upstream." He therefore sent messengers to move Emperor Yi to Chenzhou in Changsha, urging him to move quickly. The officials gradually betrayed him, and he secretly ordered the King of Hengshan and the King of Linjiang to attack him, killing Emperor Yi in the region south of the Yangtze. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → resented Tian Rong of Qi and installed the Qi general Tian Du as King of Qi. Tian Rong was angry and set himself up as King of Qi, killed Tian Du, and rebelled against Chu. He gave General Peng Yue his seal, ordering him to rebel in the Liang territories. Chu ordered the Marquis of Xiao to attack Peng Yue, and Peng Yue defeated him soundly. Chen Yu bore a grudge against Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → for not making him a king, and sent Xia Yue to plead with Tian Rong, requesting troops to attack Zhang Er. Qi gave Chen Yu troops, and they defeated the Changshan King Zhang Er; Zhang Er fled to Han. They welcomed King Xie of Zhao from Dai and reestablished him as King of Zhao. King Zhao then installed Chen Yu as King of Dai. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile →, greatly angered, marched north to attack Qi.

At this time Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → was attacking Qi in the north. Tian Rong fought him at Chengyang. Tian Rong was defeated and fled to Pingyuan, where the people of Pingyuan killed him. All of Qi submitted to Chu. Chu then burned and destroyed its cities and carried off its children as captives. The Qi people rebelled. Tian Rong's brother Tian Heng installed Tian Rong's son Guang as King of Qi, and the Qi king recaptured Chengyang from Chu. Although Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → had heard of the Han advance from the east, since he was already engaged with the Qi forces, he wished to crush Qi first before attacking Han. The King of Han thus succeeded in rallying the armies of five other kingdoms and entered Pengcheng. When Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → heard this, he led his troops away from Qi, departing from Lu, going through Huling, to Xiao, where he fought a major battle with Han at Lingbi, east of Pengcheng, on the Sui River. He inflicted a crushing defeat on the Han army, killing many soldiers, so that the Sui River was stopped up with corpses. He then captured the King of Han's parents, wife, and children at Pei, holding them in his camp as hostages.

At this time, the Jiujiang King Bo was fighting Long Ju without success, and he fled incognito with Sui He to join Han. The King of Han gradually gathered his soldiers, and with his generals and Guanzhong troops, marched out again, so his army was greatly strengthened at Xingyang, defeating Chu at Jing and Suo.

At this time, the Jiujiang King Bo was fighting Long Ju without success, and he fled incognito with Sui He to join Han. The King of Han gradually gathered his soldiers, and with his generals and Guanzhong troops, marched out again, so his army was greatly strengthened at Xingyang, defeating Chu at Jing and Suo.

At this time, the Jiujiang King Bo was fighting Long Ju without success, and he fled incognito with Sui He to join Han. The King of Han gradually gathered his soldiers, and with his generals and Guanzhong troops, marched out again, so his army was greatly strengthened at Xingyang, defeating Chu at Jing and Suo.

At this time, Yefu advised Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → to take Xingyang by storm. When he found himself suspected, he flew into a rage, requesting permission to resign on grounds of age, asking merely to be allowed to return home and live out his days as an ordinary soldier. He died before reaching Pengcheng.

When the Han army ran out of provisions, over two thousand women were sent out through the eastern gate at night, clad in armor. Chu forces attacked from all four sides. The general Ji Xin mounted the king's carriage, disguising himself as the King of Han, and deceived the Chu army. The Chu soldiers all cried "Long live!" and gathered at the east city wall to watch. Taking advantage of this distraction, the true King of Han escaped through the western gate with several dozen cavalry.

After the King of Han escaped from Xingyang and entered the passes, he gathered his troops, intending to march east again. Yuan Sheng advised him: "The Han and Chu forces have been locked in stalemate at Xingyang for several years, and Han has repeatedly suffered defeats. I suggest Your Majesty march out through Wuguan. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → will certainly lead his forces south. You should entrench yourself deeply, allowing Xingyang and Chenga to rest. Send Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → and others to pacify the Zhao territories north of the Yellow River and unite with Yan and Qi. Then Your Majesty can return to Xingyang. This will not be too late. If you do this, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → will have many positions to defend, his strength will be divided, and your forces can rest before engaging him again. We are certain to defeat Chu."

After the King of Han escaped from Xingyang and entered the passes, he gathered his troops, intending to march east again. Yuan Sheng advised him: "The Han and Chu forces have been locked in stalemate at Xingyang for several years, and Han has repeatedly suffered defeats. I suggest Your Majesty march out through Wuguan. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → will certainly lead his forces south. You should entrench yourself deeply, allowing Xingyang and Chenga to rest. Send Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → and others to pacify the Zhao territories north of the Yellow River and unite with Yan and Qi. Then Your Majesty can return to Xingyang. This will not be too late. If you do this, Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → will have many positions to defend, his strength will be divided, and your forces can rest before engaging him again. We are certain to defeat Chu."

At this time, Peng Yue crossed the Sui River and fought Xiang Sheng and Xue Gong at Xiapi, completely routing the Chu army. Xiang YuXiang YuHere's the translation of "The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World" into English: **The Warrior Who Almost Ruled the World**The most feared warrior in Chinese history — brilliant in battle, catastrophic in politics — whose stubborn nobility cost him an empire.View profile → led his forces east to attack Peng Yue. The King of Han led his troops north to encamp at Chenga.

The King of Han fled by chariot, accompanied only by the Duke of Teng. They escaped through the Yumen gate at Chenga, crossed the Yellow River northward, and rode through the night to Xiuchang. At dawn, he entered the camps of Zhang Er and Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → under the pretense of being an imperial messenger, and seized control of their armies.

He then sent Zhang Er north to gather more forces in the Zhao territories, while Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile → marched east to attack Qi. Once the King of Han had secured Han XinHan XinHere's the translation of "The General Who Won Three Empires" into English: **The General Who Conquered Three Empires** Alternatively, if you want a more literal translation: **The General Who Won Three Empires** Both are correct, but "conquered" might sound more natural in English depending on the context.From begging for meals at strangers' tables and enduring humiliation in the marketplace, to commanding a million troops—the greatest military genius of the early Han Dynasty, ultimately undone by his own emperor.View profile →'s army, his strength was restored.